Wednesday, July 31, 2019

The Costs of Congestion

Costs are divided into private costs and cost to third parities. The cost to the third party is called an externality. Private costs are costs that are personal to a person or company and so an example of that would be fuelling an airplane with petrol. Externalities occur when a person is doing something, but the full cost of doing the thing is not paid. An example of this is pollution, because no one actually pays for the damage caused. The most efficient outcome to society would be when marginal social cost and marginal social benefit equal each other. The externalities that are caused have to be the main problem. The environment is greatly damaged because of this. The more vehicles driven, the more the pollution caused. 44% of nitrogen oxide emissions in the UK come from cars. Cars also contribute to 24% of carbon dioxide emissions. Both nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide are big contributions to global warming. Because of global warming, the Earth's average temperature rises which causes sea levels to also rise. Nitrogen oxide also harms the bodies respiratory and immune systems. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the bloody and could prove to be fatal. The UK road traffic is responsible for 69% of Carbon monoxide emissions. Another externality that is less obvious is noise pollution. This occurs because of vehicles. It causes a lot of disturbance to people. There are very few places left in England where noise pollution doesn't affect anyone in anyway. To reduce car congestion a number of ways have been developed to try and achieve the aim. ‘A new deal for transport' was published which outlined policies to create a better public transport system. The increase use of public transport would mean that congestion would be cut enormously as cars won't be in much usage. The congestion charge in London that was introduced last February was developed to try and cut the congestion problem in the centre of London. This would be effective as people could be put off with the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 charge and would rather use the public transport as it is cheaper. As this scheme is seen to be a long term success, other cities may well introduce them too. A criticism of the congestion in London however is that rich people would be able to pay and the people on lower incomes wouldn't. Although the money gained from the charges would then be used to improve public transport. To carry on using cars and not polluting the environment would be impossible, unless you switch to cars that run on hydrogen. This would be more environmentaly friendly as they emit less pollution than petrol. However the downside of this is that in current times, these cars are very expensive. In the future we may be able to see more of these cars being manufactured and slowly replacing the petrol-run cars.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

The Hexadecimal Company

The Hexadecimal Company I. Problems A. Macro 1. Company resistance to change. 2. â€Å"Us† versus â€Å"them† view of practitioners forms company’s viewpoint. B. Micro 1. Professor/external practitioner ended too soon; did not provide direction or continuity. 2. â€Å"In-group† image perpetuated by OD group. 3. President too involved in details at beginning. 4. â€Å"Internal† consulting group was mostly outsiders and not accepted by the company at large. 5. OD group had little familiarity with nature of firm (except maybe George Kessler). 6.OD program too ostentatious and too costly for company. 7. Lack of unity in purpose and techniques within OD group. 8. Kay and Indar’s isolation from others and closeness to president had negative effects in OD group. 9. Budgeting not clarified at beginning. 10. Evaluation late – 1 year later and then almost a do or die evaluation. II. Causes 1. Group too cohesive and creates images of â€Å"in-gr oup. † 2. â€Å"Fancy† atmosphere perpetrated. 3. President too involved at first. 4. Company not prepared for OD and its needs and purposes. . OD groups consisted almost entirely of outsiders. III. Systems affected 1. Structural – changing whom the OD group reports to will only confuse purpose and goals; Blake is not prepared. 2. Psychosocial – the OD group has caused at least as much antagonism as it has good results. 3. Technical – no reference to OD group’s effectiveness. 4. Managerial – too top-down thus far. 5. Goals and values – No indication that the company including top management (other than the OD group) knew or bought-in to the OD program.It was just a management training program. IV. Alternatives 1. Keep as is. 2. Put under Blake. 3. Have professor help organize and budget for OD. V. Recommendations Alternative three with central contact person and clear budget. If size of Hexadecimal allows, make OD a separate dep artment with its own vice president. Keep reporting to president but keep him personally removed from specific decisions. Also, make reports to the executive committee and gain their support. Bring several line employees into OD.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Advertising Designed To Differentiate Remind Inform And Persuade Marketing Essay

Advertising Designed To Differentiate Remind Inform And Persuade Marketing Essay Advertising is one part of the promotional mix, and therefore advertising objectives will be set in line with overall Promotional and Marketing Objectives, which in turn will relate to the organizations’ overall Corporate Objectives. In general, however, there are three main categories of advertising objectives a business might set itself in terms of whether it seeks to Inform, Persuade or Remind the target audience. Types of advertisement: Inform: Informative advertising, seeks to tell the market about the product, explain how the product works, provide information on pricing, and build awareness of both the product and the company. Such objectives are normally pursued at the launch of a new product, or re-launch / up-date of an existing product. It’s the product of Pepsi Company and wants to inform people about it. Presenting different taste and verity of the product in daily print & Electronic media to influence people towards product. Persuade: Here objectives are to encourage the target audience to switch brands, make the purchase, and create a preference in the market for the product as opposed to its competition. Advertising of this nature is required in highly competitive markets, where a range of products compete directly with each other. In such circumstances businesses often seek to differentiate their product through Comparison Advertising – either directly or indirectly comparing its product to that of its competitors. Here Nestle Pakistan wants to inform public about the price of Product NIDO Price. That its price 39 rupees per liter and also persuade that it is low price then market price as well as grater Quality. Their target market is for product children’s. Remind: Reminder Advertising is used to maintain interest and awareness of a well established product in the market, often in the latter stages of its product life cycle. It is often used at the Point-of-Purchase to remind consumers of the Brand. Such advertisi ng is used by the likes of Coca-Cola and other leading brands, to maintain their position in the market. Nestle Yogurt is well know product of Nestle Pakistan, they advertise just remind people about the product. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising P-5: Evaluate appropriate uses and applications for advertising in two given situations. Uses of advertisement: Advertisements are used to tell the audience what products you are selling, services you provide and the type of business you do such as whether your business provides finance company loan services for purchasers. Advertisements may be used to notify the public of the date and venue of an event. They inform consumers of what is available with a view to get the customers into the store and make sales. Other Uses are Corporate Communications Incentive Programs Multi-State Marketing Campaigns Multifunction/Department Management Regional Markets Prominent Client List Strategic Advertising Account Marketing/Sales Vendor Research & Selection Strong Customer Relations Print/Newspaper Trends Marketing Program Execution Uses in Reminding: Brief messages designed chiefly to keep a product in the mind of the consumer once the product is already familiar. Reminder advertising usually follows an extensive advertising campaign, and therefore does not elaborate on the reasons to buy the product. Common examples of reminder advertisements are those found on matchbooks and pencils and in skywriting, as well as the more traditional media vehicles. Advertising designed to remind consumers of the benefits of a product or service, or of their current need for those benefits. For instance, the XYZ Company may seek to remind consumers of their need for XYZ anti-freeze when the weather begins to turn cold.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Lulu PLC Clothing Manufacturing In China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Lulu PLC Clothing Manufacturing In China - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Lulu PLC Company is a textile company specialized in the manufacturing sector and is based in the UK. In the recent years, the company has engaged in business relations targeting international market. Recent developments led to the company developing a manufacturing plant in China. Rapid economic growth and industrial development have been witnessed in China in the recent past. China is ranked third from the U.S and Germany in the rankings of world’s trading nations. Business organizations intending to exploit business opportunities in China has a mandatory task to understand the prevailing business environment as this may have profound consequences in business development. The Cultural and political environment in particular greatly affects any business performance. The government of the People’s Republic of China has over time developed a market economy in the system, which is dominated by socialist characteristics. Soc ialism in China advocate for collective or state ownership of economic resources and their distribution. Equal opportunities to all characterize the mode of production. This poses a challenge to Lulu Company in that it may take time before adjusting to the common ownership and sharing of production resources. Clothing and textile industry has been in the lead among the industries that have dominated the economy of China. She has been a leading country in supplying the world market with the commodity.

What is the foundationalist response to the Pyrhhonian sceptical Essay

What is the foundationalist response to the Pyrhhonian sceptical challenge - Essay Example The general argument is that knowledge needs justification (Striker, 72). However, the Pyrhhonian skeptical challenge presents a totally different opinion, which in itself does not reject that knowledge requires justification, but rather offers that the only true way is to remain non-judgmental (Casey, n.p.). Thus, it can simply bee said that the Pyrhhonian sceptical challenge was inspired by ethical concerns, which holds that it is not right to judge that a person does not know, since such a person may not even that he does not know, and thus he might know something after all (Burnyeat, 133). The fundamental principle of the Pyrrhonian Skepticism is that in matters of opinion, observing quietude is noble, while in matters concerning things that are unavoidable, adapting moderate feelings is the most appropriate approach. The essence behind this principle of Pyrrhonian Skepticism is that; a person, who spends his entire life giving opinions regarding anything that is in nature as eit her good or bad, spends his entire life in a disquiet state (Striker, 77). The disquiet in the life a person who keeps categorizing the things off nature as either good or bad emanates from the fact that such a person keeps avoiding the things he considers to be bad in life, while at the same time chasing the things he considers good, yet spending all his energy in trying to avoid losing the goods he considers good, which he has already achieved (Burnyeat, 135). On the contrary, a person who neither opines on anything as either good or bad does not shun or pursue anything eagerly, which then means such a person is unperturbed in life (Striker, 71).

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Factors That Have Enabled India to Become an Emerging Economy Essay

Factors That Have Enabled India to Become an Emerging Economy - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the increasing competition and changes in the global marketplace have resulted in forcing the organizations to come up with new and innovative methods for increasing the market growth and share. Increasing globalization and internationalization have resulted in providing these organizations with an option to expand into international markets. On the other hand, different countries and international markets are trying to attract the organizations and foreign investment with the help of favorable policies and factors in order to improve the overall economic condition of the country. India is eyeing to become one of the powerful economies of the world, as it can be seen from recent past that Indian economy is showing rapid growth and is amongst the top growing economies of the world at present. India is the tenth largest economy in terms of nominal GDP and is amongst the top three (third largest) economy with respect to purchasing power p arity (PPP). The main reason behind this growth comes from various alterations and transformations made in economic, social and political practices of the country or in simple words by adopting reforms. This has lead towards creating a situation that country which was a few decades ago under the list of under developing countries is amongst the top powerful economies of the world. Meanwhile at present according to the economic survey of 2011-2012, Indian GDP showed a positive growth and is amongst the top three economies of the world that have shown significant growth over a recent past in terms of GDP. However given below are some of the important factors that are playing important role in the growth of the Indian economy. India has been able to grow and improve its economy by attracting more and more international business and organizations. The country is striving hard to provide the international investors with feasible conditions in order to increase the Foreign Direct Investme nt in the country. The economic, political, social, and technological factors all have been shaped in such a manner that more and more international organizations are investing in the country. The economic, political, and technological factors of India are attractive for any method of internationalization including; export based, nonequity based, and equity-based methods for internalization.

Friday, July 26, 2019

The Perspective of Philosophy of Mind and Psychology Essay

The Perspective of Philosophy of Mind and Psychology - Essay Example The external explanations are odd with the empirical science we know psychology to be. Descartes eliminated the psychological characteristics in trying to explain the view that a soul is always conscious or thinking. To this perspective, an entity seems to have unactualized mental dispositions and capacities. It is doubtful that the argument by Descartes is not speaking of the physical organism that may be temporary without certain conscious states while remaining alive and physically capable of the state. Therefore, the argument of an entity imagined having neither the physical properties nor current conscious states for a period, which is against the laws of physical science. Therefore, with respect to science, it would not be clear to what it would mean to speak of it (Flanagan, 2007). The first law of the thermodynamics that relates a cause to be at least stronger as its effect does not go in line with Descartes views. The reason being that if otherwise taken into account, some o f the effects would be recorded in his explanations. An effect must at least be as its cause in strength. On the other hand, simply some of the case would end up disappear or not be perceived. Descartes gave arguments in his favour. Therefore, his external explanation does not fit with the first law of thermodynamics (Flanagan, 2007). If we can never know if humans have a nonphysical or spiritual aspect, the point of establishing scientific psychology is relevant. The argument above bases on empiricism as it is imperative in science. It states that the only source of our knowledge come through our senses.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Accounting - Essay Example Consistency can only be maintained in the companies throughout, if the accounting standards are itself consistent. Even though the establishment of the accounting standards has eradicated the ambiguity to some extent but it does not provide much uniformity in the judgmental matters. The rules and principles must be given much importance in this regard as well as their application, in order to maintain the coherence of the application of the accounting standards. In addition, judgmental matters must also be dealt with great regard such that the basis is not distorted. Only the internal consistency cannot assure the consistency of the accounting standards which is because the principles do not guide the managers in judgmental matters which in the end becomes a hurdle in the coherency of the accounting standards. There is vast importance of the consistency of the Accounting standards used all over the globe. The rapid change is also resulting is ambiguity on part of the investors and other users of the financial statements which must be eradicated. â€Å"The boards have also acknowledged the need of coherence of the accounting standards as well as the accounting policies which would benefit the creditors, investors and other users of the financial statements.† (Helium, 2010) It is very necessary that all the financial statements give a familiar representation of the policies and procedures applied as well as the results reached, which would lead to the user of the financial statement to reach a better conclusion. â€Å"There is an immense need for the consistency of the accounting standard’s application in areas of revenue and expenses through internal consistency.† (Mourik) The IASB has also taken a vast initiative in this regard in order to urge the makers of the financial statements to invoke consistency in their financial statements. IFRS 8, in this regard has stated â€Å"All the entities

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Oder #315536 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oder #315536 - Essay Example Marital therapy is perhaps the best haven that people in distressed marital relationships can go to so as to help in the healing of their marriages. A skilled and experienced marital therapist provides support and assistance that can help doubtful detached partners to carefully deal with their problems and start the problem-solving and healing process (Parenting and Marital Advice 2009). Marriage is a continuous struggle to â€Å"relate intimately to another human being without being controlled or taken for granted† (Guerin, Fay, Burden & Kautto 1987, 3). It can be a good-humored effort that enhances both partners and cultivates their growth, or it can be a tedious effort, wherein one or both partners are persuaded that their emotional, as well as their physical, survival is threatened (Guerin et al. 1987). The objective of this study is to review and discuss concepts of marital relationship and therapy. First, the paper will discuss the notion of marital conflict and marital therapy. Then, two of the integral concepts in the conceptualization and treatment of relational and marital conflict, namely, loss and context/attachment history, will be discussed. Finally, the paper will discuss how marital therapists could integrate the concepts of attachment and separation anxiety in their treatment plans. Marital conflict has been defined as â€Å"situations in which partners experience communication and problem-solving difficulties, find it difficult to work together, and have difficulty accepting each other’s differences† (Mead 2002, 299). It has been discovered that troubled couples interchange lesser gratifying behaviors and more unsympathetic behaviors than do non-troubled couples, and this is valid for verbal communications and for the interchange of other types of reinforcements (Shaddock 2000). It has also been discovered that troubled partners are

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management - Research Paper Example If keeping a dog soothes him to the extent that he can overcome his daily anxiety at work, it will not only improve his performance manifolds, but will also encourage him to work harder since he would realize that I, being the employer, respected his feelings. Furthermore, I do not think it would be a matter of big concern for Karla since she works at the top floor while Poochey Pie will remain in the basement of the building. However, I shall tell Harry to be specially cautious about not bringing the dog ever in front of Karla. Unions, today, are majorly facing a decline all over the world. (Kochan and Verma, 2010). This concept basically strengthens as more workers are moving to the foreign countries for job. (Weisenthal, 2007). Despite the fact that the role of union has somewhat recessed as more organized management has been emphasized upon globally to lead the organizations, unions today can play an important role in solving workers’ issues. They can practically develop a better link with workers in the present age by making use of the information